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German POW's in South Carolina
| Author: | Segal, Deann Bice | |
| Year: | 2005 | |
| Pages: | 160 | |
| ISBN: | 0-7734-6282-1 978-0-7734-6282-3 | |
| Price: | $139.95 | |
Many rural communities in South Carolina share a place in World War II history that has largely been forgotten. From 1943 to 1946, towns such as Aiken, Florence, Camden, Spartanburg, and York were enthusiastic hosts for a special group of laborers: German prisoners of war. These prisoners from the North African, Sicilian, and European campaigns filled needed jobs, mostly in agriculture, all across the nation. In South Carolina, prison camps were established in rural areas where labor was needed in agriculture, the lumber industry, and a few manufacturing jobs. Prisoner labor was also used on military bases to free civilian and army personnel for front-line duty.
By the end of W.W.II, over 425,000 German, Italian, and Japanese prisoners were interned in prisoner of war camps in the United States. In South Carolina, the War Department established more than twenty camps in seventeen counties housing 8,000 to 11,000 German prisoners. These prisoners provided much needed labor in agricultural communities and were often the only direct connection with the "enemy" experienced on the home front.
This book explores the general policies of the United States toward captured prisoners of war and to analyze their implementation in South Carolina from the perspectives of the American officials, the German prisoners, and the communities that housed the camps. This book examines the history of prisoners of war in South Carolina, focusing on life behind the wire, the labor performed by POWs, and the impact of this labor in South Carolina, the adherence to the Geneva Convention, attitudes that influenced policies for the treatment of prisoners, local reaction to the POWs and their labor, as well as the prisoners' impressions of the conditions in which they were held.
By the end of W.W.II, over 425,000 German, Italian, and Japanese prisoners were interned in prisoner of war camps in the United States. In South Carolina, the War Department established more than twenty camps in seventeen counties housing 8,000 to 11,000 German prisoners. These prisoners provided much needed labor in agricultural communities and were often the only direct connection with the "enemy" experienced on the home front.
This book explores the general policies of the United States toward captured prisoners of war and to analyze their implementation in South Carolina from the perspectives of the American officials, the German prisoners, and the communities that housed the camps. This book examines the history of prisoners of war in South Carolina, focusing on life behind the wire, the labor performed by POWs, and the impact of this labor in South Carolina, the adherence to the Geneva Convention, attitudes that influenced policies for the treatment of prisoners, local reaction to the POWs and their labor, as well as the prisoners' impressions of the conditions in which they were held.
Reviews
“In her thoroughly researched and timely book, “German POWs in South Carolina; the Enemy Among Us,” Ms. Deann Bice Segal gives us a glimpse of the 8,000 to 11,000 German Prisoners of war who found themselves incarcerated in South Carolina during the Second World War. These POWs, “the enemy among us” or the so-called “Supermen” of the 1940’s were mysterious to the people of rural South Carolina who, as the war continued, needed laborers to assist in agriculture, the lumber industry and manufacturing. Ms. Segal tells us about the complex relationships that arose in southern communities and among American government agencies that, in wartime, developed policies for accommodating the prisoners who lived in the camps. The author goes further, however, than official documents and strengthens her analysis by including details from interviews with former POWs (such as German sailor Albert Brathe) and the residents of the Carolina towns which hosted the Germans. As Ms. Segal writes, her book examines “life behind the wire” (e.g., food and health care), the benefits to the state’s economy, local adjustments to the foreigners, and the prisoners’ impressions of the conditions in which they were held. All of this occurred, as the author stresses, in an era in which the Geneva Convention guidelines for POWs were relatively untested… This study is thoughtfully prepared and sharply presented. It gives the reader a grasp of America at war and the individuals who, on the home front, tried to sort through their own economic challenges as men far from their homeland adjusted to life “behind the wire” in rural South Carolina.” – (from the Commendatory Preface) Joseph Edward Lee, Ph.D., Winthrop University
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Development of Policy and Procedures (Early Utilization of Prisoners of War, Alien Crackdown, The Geneva Convention)
2. Administration (First Arrivals, Escapes and Nazi Violence)
3.The Labor Problem ( National Policies, Peanuts, Pulpwood and Peaches)
4. Life Behind the Wire (The Second Wave, Combating Nazism, The Prisoners and South Carolinians)
5. The Return Home (Prisoners in the United States, Prisoners in Europe)
6. Conclusion
Appendices:
Detention Lists, POW Camps in South Carolina with Peak Prison
Populations, Labor Report, Letter to Frank Rogers
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Development of Policy and Procedures (Early Utilization of Prisoners of War, Alien Crackdown, The Geneva Convention)
2. Administration (First Arrivals, Escapes and Nazi Violence)
3.The Labor Problem ( National Policies, Peanuts, Pulpwood and Peaches)
4. Life Behind the Wire (The Second Wave, Combating Nazism, The Prisoners and South Carolinians)
5. The Return Home (Prisoners in the United States, Prisoners in Europe)
6. Conclusion
Appendices:
Detention Lists, POW Camps in South Carolina with Peak Prison
Populations, Labor Report, Letter to Frank Rogers
Bibliography
Index